By storing glucose, the liver makes sure that blood glucose levels remain steady between meals and during sleep. It is produced from proglucagon, encoded by the GCG gene. In other words, the effects are counterbalanced by a decrease in function. Insulin gives glucose access to the cells. Insulin: An elevated blood glucose concentration results in the secretion of insulin: glucose is transported into body cells. Insulin and glucagon work synergistically to keep blood glucose concentrations normal. Describe the physiology of insulin, glucagon and somatostatin. This can be achieved through diet, lifestyle changes, supplements, and medication. These include type 1 and type 2 diabetes. 6. Insulin and glucagon do not take immediate effect, particularly in people whose blood sugar levels are extremely high or low. AND… there are many more hormones that affect BG levels. Glucagon is a hormone that is produced by alpha cells in a part of the pancreas known as the islets of Langerhans. Fatty acids inhibit glucagon release. The excess glucose in the bloodstream is converted into glycogen and absorbed by the liver and muscle cells to be used later. Importantly, amylin does not suppress glucagon secretion during insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Explain the functions of insulin and glucagon in the regulation of blood sugar. When blood glucose falls, cells in the pancreas secrete glucagon. Glucagon is a 29-amino acid polypeptide (chain of amino acids) hormone, produced by the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans. In the pancreas, somatostatin inhibits the secretion of pancreatic hormones, including glucagon and insulin. The pancreas contains many clusters of these cells. It attaches to the insulin receptors on cells throughout the body, instructing the cells to open up and grant entry to glucose. Diabetes causes blood sugar levels to rise. Insulin decreases blood glucose levels and glucagon increases glucose in the blood. Glucagon instructs the liver to convert glycogen to glucose, making glucose more available in the bloodstream. So let's start with insulin, and that does a number of things to glucose. Insulin and glucagon are potent regulators of glucose metabolism. Glucagon is a peptide hormone, produced by alpha cells of the pancreas.It works to raise the concentration of glucose and fatty acids in the bloodstream, and is considered to be the main catabolic hormone of the body. It depresses blood glucose levels in different ways including glycogen synthesis and increasing the cell consumption of glucose. important functions of glucagon maintains blood glucose levels during the fasting state; promotes the breakdown of triglycerides to fatty acids in adipose tissue - this releases free fatty acids into the circulation and promotes oxidation of fatty acids for energy in … But remember, that at the end of the day, all we're doing is storing it. It is also used as a medication to treat a number of health conditions. The main function of glucagon is the opposite of insulin. Glucagon is released from alpha (α) cells of the pancreas and cause an increase in blood glucose concentration This may involve stimulating glycogen breakdown in the liver (glycogenolysis), promoting glucose release by the liver and adipose tissue, or decreasing the rate of glucose breakdown (by reducing cell respiration rates) Both hormones work in balance to play a vital role in regulating blood sugar levels. Insulin and glucagon are instrumental in the regulation of blood glucose levels, allowing cells to receive proper nutrients. The standard measurement units for blood sugar levels are milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl). It is both an endocrine and an exocrine gland. The efficacy of current diabetes treatments designed to reverse insulin deficiency is often limited by the frequent occurrence of acute hypoglycemia. The effect of glucagon is to make the liver release the glucose it has stored in its cells into the bloodstream, with the net effect of increasing blood glucose. Glucagon function is to defend against decreases in glucose availability during fasting, stress, and exercise by stimulating liver glycogenolysis (glycogen breakdown) phasically and liver gluconeogenesis (glucose production) tonically 3). Insulin and glucagon work in a cycle. Insulin and glucagon are involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism. Five distinct membrane receptors (SSTR1-5) for SST are known, and at least two (SSTR2 and SSTR5) have been proposed to regulate pancreatic endocrine function. An example is pramlintide, a medication that reduces pancreatic secretion of glucagon and which doctors may prescribe as part of the treatment for type 1 diabetes. This article shall consider the structure of glucagon, its synthesis, secretion, mechanism of action and … In other words, the effects are counterbalanced by a decrease in function. Glucagon commands the liver to release stored glucose, which causes an increase in blood sugar level. It can also cause the liver to produce too little glucose. A range of factors, including insulin resistance, diabetes, and an unbalanced diet, can cause blood sugar levels to spike or plummet. The islets of Langerhans contain alpha, beta, and delta cells that produce glucagon, insulin, and somatostatin, respectively. Click ‘Start Quiz’ to begin! Without treatment, low blood sugar can lead to seizures or loss of consciousness. Zara Risoldi Cochrane, Pharm.D., M.S., FASCP, Person without diabetes: Less than 140 mg/dL. Glucagon. Insulin and glucagon are the hormones which make this happen. Insulin and Glucagon | Physiology | Biology | FuseSchool - YouTube. When blood sugar levels drop, the pancreas releases glucagon to raise them. The liver absorbs glucose then changes it into a storage molecule called glycogen. These hormones work in a negative feedback loop to maintain equilibrium. The main function of glucagon is the opposite of insulin. Insulin helps in the metabolism of the body and without this hormone, we cannot live. These vary throughout the day. Both respond to blood glucose levels but they have opposite effects. Insulin and glucagon are involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism. Select the correct answer and click on the “Finish” buttonCheck your score and answers at the end of the quiz, Visit BYJU’S for all Biology related queries and study materials, Regulating the body’s blood sugar mechanism is quite a feat; however, when this balance is lost, certain metabolic disorders arise. The symptoms of high blood sugar include: Over time, extremely high blood sugar may lead to the following symptoms: Delays between meals, poor nutrition, some diabetes medications, and certain medical conditions can cause low blood sugar. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone, and is:. Glucagon instructs the liver to release stored glucose, which causes blood sugar to rise. So now that we know how the release of glucagon and insulin can affect blood-glucose levels, let's focus in and see how that happens. Glucagon shares the same precursor molecule, proglucagon, with GLP-1 and GLP-2. Historical Aspects Insulin - Latin word insula = islets 1922 Banting and Best extracted insulin from pancreas First hormone to be isolated in pure form First protein to be sequenced ( by Sanger) First protein produced by recombinant technology Insulin, a hormone produced by the beta cells (islets of Langerhans) of the pancreas allows the transportation of glucose from the bloodstream into the body's cells where it is used to create energy. Glucagon is the hormone that opposes insulin, so it acts to raise blood glucose levels. If left untreated, it can lead to a potentially dangerous condition known as diabetic coma. NCERT Solutions Class 12 Business Studies, NCERT Solutions Class 12 Accountancy Part 1, NCERT Solutions Class 12 Accountancy Part 2, NCERT Solutions Class 11 Business Studies, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 1, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 2, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 4, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 5, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 6, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 8, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 9, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 10, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 11, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 13, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 14, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 15, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 2, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 3, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 5, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 7, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 9, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 10, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 11, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 12, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 13, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 14, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 15, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 16, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Social Science, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 1, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 2, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 3, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 4, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 5, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 6, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 7, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 8, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 9, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 10, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 11, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 12, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 13, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 14, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 15, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 1, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 2, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 3, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 4, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 5, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 6, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 7, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 8, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 9, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 10, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 12, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 11, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 13, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 14, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 15, NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science, NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science, NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Social Science, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12, Disorders of Muscular and Skeletal System, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 Science, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Physics, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Chemistry, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Biology, ICSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 Physics, ICSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 Chemistry, ICSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 Maths, ISC Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Physics, ISC Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Chemistry, ISC Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Biology. Its function is opposite to that of insulin, which lowers extracellular glucose level in the body. Glucagon is our body's principal catabolic hormone. • Insulin reduces blood sugar while glucagon increases. Insulin also supports healing after an injury by delivering amino acids to the muscles. Consequently, the pancreas sends signals that direct all the cells in the body to take in the glucose. The endocrine function consists primarily of the secretion of the two major hormones, insulin and glucagon. In stress, insulin secretion is inhibited but glucagon secretion is stimulated. Insulin is secreted by the beta (B) cells of the pancreas in response to a rise in plasma glucose concentration and a fall in glucagon level. The pancreas secretes insulin and glucagon. On the other hand, too little insulin can lead to a condition called hyperglycemia, which is characterised by high blood sugar. When the level of glucose in the body is too low, the alpha cells in the pancreas create glucagon. When the body does not convert enough glucose, blood sugar levels remain high. The two hormones need to work in partnership with each other to keep blood glucose levels balanced. Glucagon is released from alpha (α) cells of the pancreas and cause an increase in blood glucose concentration This may involve stimulating glycogen breakdown in the liver (glycogenolysis), promoting glucose release by the liver and adipose tissue, or decreasing the rate of glucose breakdown (by reducing cell respiration rates) When the level of glucose in the body is too low, the alpha cells in the pancreas create glucagon. Feeling excessively hungry: High blood sugar does not directly cause feelings of hunger. Even so, it can be said that insulin acts on all the cells of the body because each cell is responsible for its own cellular metabolism. Q: “What are the functions of insulin and glucagon?” Too simple; insulin and glucagon are only TWO of the SIX primary hormones that control BG (Blood Glucose, aka, “blood sugar”) levels. Structure& function of Insulin, glucagon Dr. Ashok Kumar Jeppu Management and Science University Malaysia 2. The two hormones need to work in partnership with each other to keep blood glucose levels balanced. Insulin and glucagon work in a cycle. Although it is primarily an exocrine gland, secreting a variety of digestive enzymes, the pancreas has an endocrine function. These cells then release the glucose into your bloodstream so your other cells can use it for energy. The pancreas another function is to release glucagon when the amount of glucose in the bloodstream is too low i.e if blood glucose level decreases. Last medically reviewed on March 27, 2019. © 2004-2021 Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK, a Red Ventures Company. Like insulin, glucagon has an effect on many cells of the body, but most notably the liver. important functions of glucagon maintains blood glucose levels during the fasting state; promotes the breakdown of triglycerides to fatty acids in adipose tissue - this releases free fatty acids into the circulation and promotes oxidation of fatty acids for energy in … The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions. It is produced from proglucagon, encoded by the GCG gene. Alpha cells of the pancreas produce glucagon, while beta cells produce insulin. Cortisol is steroid hormone. Blood sugar levels are a measure of how effectively the body uses glucose. But remember, that at the end of the day, all we're doing is storing it. It comes from alpha cells found in the pancreas and is closely related to insulin-secreting beta cells, making it a crucial component that keeps the body’s blood glucose levels stable. Glucagon may be used by type 1 diabetics to treat insulin shock/coma (severe hypoglycemia caused by excess insulin). There are some medicines that reduce glucose or block glucagon, but they can only supplement glycemic control and may not replace insulin. To know more about insulin and glucagon, keep visiting BYJU’S website. Insulin primarily acts to bring glucose to fatty tissue and muscle tissue but it also acts on the liver, where it aids in the making of glycogen out of pieces of glucose molecules. Insulin, Glucagon, and Somatostatin. Insulin and glucagon are vital for maintaining normal ranges of blood sugar. Insulin and glucagon are instrumental in the regulation of blood glucose levels, allowing cells to receive proper nutrients. All rights reserved. Insulin helps cells absorb glucose in your bloodstream so the levels of glucose don’t get too high. Both help manage the blood glucose levels in the body but they have opposite effects. Q: “What are the functions of insulin and glucagon?” Too simple; insulin and glucagon are only TWO of the SIX primary hormones that control BG (Blood Glucose, aka, “blood sugar”) levels. It is produced by the alpha cells, found in the islets of Langerhans, in the pancreas, from where it is released into the bloodstream.The glucagon-secreting alpha cells surround the insulin-secreting beta cells, which reflects the close relationship between the two hormones. The role of insulin and glucagon in glucose metabolism. • Insulin forces substances (glucose, amino acids) into cells while glucagon inhibits it. When a woman is pregnant, the placenta that supports the developing baby might impair her body’s ability to use insulin. Insulin will prevent glucose levels from increasing to a point that is too high, while glucagon prevents it from dropping too low. Aberrant glucagon production correlates with diabetes and suppression of glucagon corrects the hyperglycemia of diabetes; however, glucagon’s role in the metabolic manifestations of diabetes remains a subject of debate. When the body produces too much insulin, the cells end up absorbing too much glucose. Two hormones involved in regulating blood-glucose levels are insulin and glucagon. Insulin. Together, insulin and glucagon help maintain a state called homeostasis in which conditions inside the body remain steady. 4. Alpha cells of the pancreas produce glucagon, while beta cells produce insulin. Insulin is produced by the beta cells in response to high blood glucose levels. Thanks. It can also stop prediabetes from becoming…. The pancreas lies inferior to the stomach, in a bend of the duodenum. It is also used as a medication to treat a number of health conditions. Min Kyun Park, in Handbook of Hormones, 2016. Regulating the body’s blood sugar mechanism is quite a feat; however, when this balance is lost, certain metabolic disorders arise. tingling, particularly in the tongue, lips, arms, or legs. This loop continously functions, ensuring that the body’s glucose levels never drop too low. This leads to an increase in blood glucose levels in the body. So glucagon does the opposite, it releases glucose from storage. Insulin is produced by the beta cells in response to high blood glucose levels. This helps to maintain stability in the system. To increase blood glucose, glucagon promotes hepatic glucose output by increasing glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis and by decreasing glycogenesis and glycolysis in a concerted fashion via multiple mechanisms. When glucose levels are low our liver releases the stored glucose into the bloodstream to keep blood glucose level within a normal range and Glucagon's main function is to cause the liver to release stored glucose from its cells into the blood. Insulin and glucagon are involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism. 29 In addition to its effects on glucagon secretion and the rate of gastric emptying, amylin dose-dependently reduces food intake and … When insulin levels are at their highest, glucagon … Glucagon is our body's principal catabolic hormone. What is glucagon? 5. We partner with some of the companies that sell these products, which means Healthline UK and our partners may receive a portion of revenues if you make a purchase using a link(s) above. Consequently, it leads to a condition called hypoglycemia, where blood sugar levels are dangerously low. It is essential for insulin and glucagon to function in co-ordination with each other for normal sugar metabolism. Insulin also acts to antagonize and inhibit the alpha cells that primarily secrete glucagon. Structure& function of Insulin, glucagon Dr. Ashok Kumar Jeppu Management and Science University Malaysia 2. However, a drop in insulin often causes hunger when it accompanies high blood sugar. Both insulin and glucagon are secreted by different types of cells in the pancreas. There are several different types of islet cell, including beta cells, which release insulin, and alpha cells, which release glucagon. Skipping meals and poor nutrition can lower blood sugar. The body converts the carbohydrates from food into glucose, a simple sugar that serves as a vital source of energy. For decades, we have viewed diabetes from a bi-hormonal perspective of glucose regulation. The disease causes problems with blood sugar regulation. It depresses blood glucose levels in different ways including glycogen synthesis and increasing the cell consumption of glucose. The pancreas is a long, slender organ, most of which is located posterior to the bottom half of the stomach (Figure 1). It is a peptide hormone, produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas.. So let's start with insulin, and that does a number of things to glucose. All content is strictly informational and should not be considered medical advice. Gestational diabetes usually goes away after the baby is born. As an endocrine organ, the pancreas produces two sugar-regulating hormones: insulin and glucagon. In this article, we explain the functions and processes of insulin and glucagon as well as their effects on diabetes. Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that develops in some women during pregnancy. When stimulated by glucagon, these receptors enable glucose release through the activation of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. So glucagon does the opposite, it releases glucose from storage. Glucagon is released to stop blood sugar levels dropping too low (hypoglycaemia), while insulin is released to stop blood sugar levels rising too high (hyperglycaemia). In each of these processes, glucagon and insulin work together. A1C readings should be under 7 percent for people with diabetes and less than 6 percent for those without diabetes. Its effect is opposite to that of insulin, which lowers extracellular glucose. Amino acids help build the protein that is present in muscle tissue, so when insulin levels are low, muscles may not heal properly. When stimulated by glucagon, these receptors enable glucose release through the activation of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Urinating more often than usual: The kidneys respond to high blood sugar by trying to get rid of excess glucose. Glucagon and Glycogen Glucagon can be pictured as the antithesis of Insulin in the ongoing saga, and now global tragedy, of blood glucose regulation within the human body. Glucagon is a peptide hormone and is produced by the alpha cells in the pancreas. A drug called metformin reduces the amount of sugar that the liver releases and also improves the body’s ability to respond to insulin in people with type 2 diabetes. Excessive thirst that accompanies frequent urination: The kidneys can cause. Difference Between Insulin and Glucagon • High blood sugar level promotes insulin secretion while inhibiting glucagon secretion. When blood sugar is too high, the pancreas secretes more insulin. Insulin and glucagon are hormones that help regulate the body’s glucose levels. Insulin and glucagon are two hormones that regulate the levels of glucose in the blood. It stimulates the absorption of carbohydrates (glucose) into stores in muscle and adipose (fatty) tissue. AND… there are many more hormones that affect BG levels. Insulin and glucagon are hormones that help regulate blood sugar (aka glucose) in your body. The liver contains glucagon receptors. The picture on the left shows the intimate relationship both insulin and glucagon have to each other. Both are hormones secreted by the pancreas but they are made from different types of cells in the pancreas. It is a peptide hormone, produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas. Sodium-glucose transport protein2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are another class of drug, and they work by influencing the kidneys to secrete more glucose. An example of an SGLT2 is canagliflozin. • Stress hormones inhibit insulin secretion while promoting glucagon secretion. Glucagon works along with the hormone insulin to control blood sugar levels and keep them within set levels. Insulin helps the cell absorb glucose and reduces blood glucose level by providing glucose to the body. Insulin helps the cells absorb glucose, reducing blood sugar and providing the cells with glucose for energy. Glucagon is a linear peptide hormone of 29 amino acids secreted from α cells of the pancreas. Abstract. The liver contains glucagon receptors. However, most of them are unable to use glucose without the help of insulin. Low levels of insulin constantly circulate throughout the body. Structure and Function of the Pancreas. This helps to maintain stability in the system. Muscle cells also store glucose as glycogen under the influence of insulin. Ideal blood sugar ranges are as follows: A1C is a measurement that gives a picture of average glucose levels over an extended period. In addition, insulin is the most important factor in the regulation of plasma glucose homeostasis, as it counteracts glucagon and other catabolic hormones—epinephrine, glucocorticoid, and … Insulin Vs Glucagon. Insulin is produced by the beta cells in response to high blood glucose levels. Glucagon. This article shall consider the structure of glucagon, its synthesis, secretion, mechanism of action and … From there, insulin attaches to its receptors on the body’s cells and ensures that they can absorb glucose. Insulin helps in the metabolism of the body and without this hormone, we cannot live. If the level of one hormone is higher or lower than the ideal range, blood sugar levels may spike or drop. Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes, and it usually develops due to lifestyle issues, such as being overweight. High protein meal favours glucagon secretion. The Role of Glucagon in Blood Glucose Control. 21,28 Amylin also slows the rate of gastric emptying and, thus, the rate at which nutrients are delivered from the stomach to the small intestine for absorption. Insulin: An elevated blood glucose concentration results in the secretion of insulin: glucose is transported into body cells. Our current understanding of SST physiology is limi … When blood sugar levels are too low, the pancreas releases glucagon. • Insulin promotes the synthesis of glycogen while glucagon breaks glycogen down. The uptake of glucose by liver, kidney and brain cells is by diffusion and does not require insulin. Everyone who has type 1 diabetes and some people with type 2 diabetes will need to supplement their insulin and manage their blood sugar through diet and regular exercise. The pancreas releases glucagon when the amount of glucose in the bloodst People with type 1 diabetes often experience very high blood sugar. It works to raise the concentration of glucose and fatty acids in the bloodstream, and is considered to be the main catabolic hormone of the body. insulin; glucagon; islet; regeneration; diabetes; Pancreatic islets secrete both insulin and glucagon in a manner which is tightly juxtaposed. Glucagon is a peptide hormone and is produced by the alpha cells in the pancreas. This type of diabetes involves attacks by the immune system on some of the insulin-secreting beta cells in the pancreas. Read more about optimal blood sugar levels by clicking here. Glucagon is also used in diagnostic testing of the stomach and other digestive organs. (We get glucose from the breakdown of carbohydrates and starches during the digestive process. After reviewing the functions of insulin and glucagon and the four cell types that comprise the endocrine pancreas, we’ll examine in detail the main disease associated with the pancreas, diabetes mellitus. The effects of glucagon are the opposite of the effects induced by insulin. Insulin and glucagon are the hormones which are secreted by cells of pancreas that helps to regulate the levels of blood glucose, or sugar, in the body. Insulin helps cells absorb glucose in your bloodstream so the levels of glucose don’t get too high. During mixed meals, both insulin and glucagon are secreted, but the carbohydrate meal causes insulin release. For this reason, it is sometimes called juvenile diabetes.
Hs Fresenius München Kontakt, Bibi Und Tina 3 Ganzer Film Deutsch Youtube, B96 Sperrung Aktuell, Walter Tell Charakterisierung, Blitzer Schwerin Am Grünen Tal, Bamf Trägerrundschreiben 12/2020,